Pluralistic Valuation of Codling Moth Regulation by Brown Long-Eared Bats in English Apple Orchards

The benefits humans utilise from the ecological interactions of Brown Long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) have gone relatively unnoticed in UK. This study aimed to expose one such interaction through a pluralistic valuation Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) regulation by P. auritus context English apple orchards. A stage-structured model linking C. pomonella population dynamics consumption was created understand crop loss reduction estimates due this predation. found that presence single individual resulted significant 81.06–83.68% lost per hectare. results avoided costs methods yielded range economic with between GBP 307.59 and 604.95/ha private, social being avoided. Traditional biodiverse orchards support habitats are at risk land development agricultural intensification which would serious consequences on biodiversity. findings could form basis further research informs orchard managers, local communities dependent production policymakers importance ecosystem services sustainable agriculture.